____ avoids congestion by requiring users to negotiate with the network regarding how much traffic they will be sending, or what resources the network must provide to satisfy the user's needs before the user sends any data.

____ avoids congestion by requiring users to negotiate with the network regarding how much traffic they will be sending, or what resources the network must provide to satisfy the user's needs before the user sends any data.

a. Explicit congestion control c. Connection admission control
b. Implicit congestion control d. Buffer preallocation


Answer: C

In ____, before one node sends a series of n packets to another node, the sending node inquires in advance whether the receiving node has enough buffer space for the n packets.

In ____, before one node sends a series of n packets to another node, the sending node inquires in advance whether the receiving node has enough buffer space for the n packets.

a. explicit congestion control c. connection admission control
b. implicit congestion control d. buffer preallocation


Answer: D

With ____, when a frame relay router experiences congestion, it sends a congestion signal forward to the destination station, which in turn tells the originating station to slow down the transfer of data.

With ____, when a frame relay router experiences congestion, it sends a congestion signal forward to the destination station, which in turn tells the originating station to slow down the transfer of data.

a. forward explicit congestion notification (FECN)
b. backward explicit congestion notification (BECN)
c. implicit congestion control
d. remote congestion control


Answer: A

When an application is simply observing its own throughput and not relying on any special types of signals coming from the network, this is called ____ congestion control.

When an application is simply observing its own throughput and not relying on any special types of signals coming from the network, this is called ____ congestion control.

a. explicit c. forward explicit
b. implicit d. backward explicit


Answer: B

When a network or a part of a network becomes so saturated with data packets that packet transfer is noticeably impeded, ____ occurs.

When a network or a part of a network becomes so saturated with data packets that packet transfer is noticeably impeded, ____ occurs.

a. network flowing c. frame control
b. packet control d. network congestion


Answer: D

With ____ routing, routing tables are created once, typically when the network is installed, and then never updated again.

With ____ routing, routing tables are created once, typically when the network is installed, and then never updated again.

a. fixed c. changing
b. adaptive d. modifying


Answer: A

When routing tables adapt to network changes, the routing system is called ____.

When routing tables adapt to network changes, the routing system is called ____.

a. fixed c. adaptive
b. local d. static


Answer: C